Benson, S. N. K., & Ward, C. L. (2013). Teaching with technology: Using TPACK to understand teaching expertise in online higher education. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 48, 153-172. http://doi.org/10.2190/EC.48.2.c

Abstract:

“In this study, we used the TPACK profile as a framework for evaluating teaching expertise in higher education. Through interviews and non-participant observation, we created individual TPACK profiles for three professors within a college of education in a large Midwestern university. The profiles illustrate how each professor’s degree of Content, Technology, and Pedagogical knowledge levels interact in unique patterns. We conclude that, when instructors’ Technology Knowledge is defined solely as their ability to use various technology tools, a balanced and integrated TPACK profile is unlikely. In contrast, instructors who are able to explicitly articulate their understanding and application of Pedagogical Knowledge are more likely to demonstrate TPACK integration.”