Koh, J., Chai, C., Wong, B., & Hong, H.-Y. (2015). Design thinking and 21st century skills. In J. Koh, C. Chai, B. Wong & H.-Y. Hong (Eds.). Design thinking for education: Conceptions and applications in teaching and learning (pp. 33–46). Springer.

Abstract:

“This chapter reviews major 21st century learning frameworks and derives five common dimensions that characterize 21st century learning. These are the social-cultural, cognitive, metacognitive, productivity, and technological dimensions. It then discusses how design experiences can be used to foster these 21st century learning dimensions in students. A design-thinking model is then presented to articulate how students can be guided in their experiences of 21st century learning dimensions. The chapter also considers the kinds of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) that teachers need to support their design of 21st century learning experiences as well as how TPACK may feature in teachers’ design decisions in such contexts.”