Ay, Y., Karadağ, E., & Acat, M. B. (2014).  The technological pedagogical content knowledge-practical (TPACK-practical) model:  Examination of its validity in the Turkish culture via structural equation modelling.  Computers and Education, 88, 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.04.017

Abstract: 

“The purpose of this study was to examine the construct of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge [TPACK] Practical Model in the Turkish culture using structural equation modelling. The research was conducted on 296 teachers working in 13 different schools. To test the validity and reliability of the 22-item TPACK-Practical scale, item-total and item-rest (sometimes referred to as remainder) correlations, item discrimination, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha reliability analyses were performed. The item-total and item-rest correlation coefficients were high, and all values were significant. The powers of all of the items to differentiate between the top 27% and the subgroup averages were significant (p<.01). The original construct was validated according the confirmatory factor analysis that was performed to determine the construct validity. Additionally, Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of the scale was determined to be 0.89.”